When Europe’s monastic libraries were looted, Britain’s richest book collectors went hunting
The Conversation · 12 Oct 2026

When Europe’s monastic libraries were looted, Britain’s richest book collectors went hunting

In 1790, the London bookseller Thomas Payne sold a copy of the Gutenberg Bible, the earliest printed book, to George John, 2nd Earl Spencer. He charged him £370 – an enormous sum at the time, roughly equivalent to £878,000 today – as part of a package deal which included two other early theological


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