Iran has spent decades building ‘missile cities’ but when will it invest in its people?
The National · 3 Jul 2026

Iran has spent decades building ‘missile cities’ but when will it invest in its people?

In managing protracted conflicts, pressure does not always succeed where war itself has failed, nor can political settlements alone guarantee a change in behaviour shaped over decades. For this reason, states sometimes resort to instruments more complex than conventional deterrence, designed not mer


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